Tuesday, May 26, 2009

Misunderstandings in the Epistles

One of the main arguments people make for the existence of sinning Christians relies on the epistles to the churches. They claim that Paul and others refer to the letter recipients as saints, yet describe ongoing sin among the church people. Therefore, they think, there must be sinning Christians.

The problem with this approach is the assumption that a greeting that refers to the readers by a descriptive label means that every single person who might read the letter or referred to in the text must also be labeled the same. Such an assumption is not true, and the text of the epistles proves that this leap is not warranted.

A proof of my assertion comes in 2 Corinthians:

"Test yourselves to see if you are in the faith; examine yourselves! Or do you not recognize this about yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you--unless indeed you fail the test?" (2 Corinthians 13:5)




Paul refers to his audience as saints in the first chapter, but here in chapter 13, he tells the people to test themselves to see if they are in the faith. Why would he do that if he believes they are all, without exception, saints and true believers? They wouldn't make sense. And what is the test? The context indicates it is whether or not they are sinning.


Note verse 2: "I have previously said when present the second time, and though now absent I say in advance to those who have sinned in the past and to all the rest as well, that if I come again I will not spare anyone."



And verse 7: "Now we pray to God that you do no wrong; not that we ourselves may appear approved, but that you may do what is right, even though we may appear unapproved."



Even though Paul referred to them as saints, he still tells them that disobedience would indicate that they are not really in the faith. This passage alone should be enough to prove the point, that when Paul mentions sinners in the church, he is not including them as true saints in the church.

I’m not going to go over every letter that refers to saints and every proof that sinners in the church are not really saints, but I will focus on the letter that is used most often by opponents of holiness—the book of 1 Corinthians. Once it is established that Paul uses “saints” in his greeting while knowing that sinners among his readers aren’t truly believers, that fact can be used to prove that he uses the same practice in other letters.


I will begin this analysis with a passage that many use to prove sinfulness among Christians.

1 Corinthians 3:1-3
1And I, brethren, could not speak to you as to spiritual men, but as to men of flesh, as to babes in Christ. 2I gave you milk to drink, not solid food; for you were not yet able to receive it. Indeed, even now you are not yet able, 3for you are still fleshly. For since there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not fleshly, and are you not walking like mere men?

Many people will confess, no matter what their position is on the subject at hand, that no relatively large church will contain only true believers. There may be false professors of faith, interested seekers, or even skeptics who were dragged into the congregation by a friend or relative. It seems reasonable that Paul would know this and would write in such a way that all parts of the body would receive proper instruction. This kind of all encompassing teaching would require some kind of wording that would allow the readers to understand who among them is to receive the message. For example, such wording of identification is made in the following passage.

1 Corinthians 5:1-5
1It is actually reported that there is immorality among you, and immorality of such a kind as does not exist even among the Gentiles, that someone has his father's wife. 2And you have become arrogant, and have not mourned instead, in order that the one who had done this deed might be removed from your midst. 3For I, on my part, though absent in body but present in spirit, have already judged him who has so committed this as though I were present. 4In the name of our Lord Jesus, when you are assembled, and I with you in spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus, 5I have decided to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of his flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.

This is about a man who apparently had a sexual affair with his father's wife. Notice that Paul says that there is "immorality among you," indicating that this person is a part of their group while at the same time not insinuating that this is an indictment directed against all of them. More important, the construction of verse 5 reveals that the man in question is not a Christian.

Follow this line of thinking carefully. When Paul says that he is delivering this man to Satan "that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus," he is stating a purpose for his disciplinary action. The reason that he is delivering the man is the hope of salvation for him. If this man were already saved, the purpose would not exist, and the statement would not make sense. This is a clear example of Paul singling out a non-Christian from the group in order to deal with him properly. In Paul's second epistle to the Corinthians, he makes an appeal that is in the letter to the church at large, but it is meant for only the unbelievers among them.

2 Corinthians 5:19-20
namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and He has committed to us the word of reconciliation. Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were entreating through us; we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God.

Those who are believers in the group would not need such an appeal, because they have already been reconciled to God. The next appeal also makes more sense if it is perceived as being addressed to unbelievers only.

2 Corinthians 6:1
And working together with Him, we also urge you not to receive the grace of God in vain-

Since this verse comes immediately after an appeal to receive initial grace for salvation and is followed (6:2) by another request to come to salvation, it is written to tell the unbelievers how to receive the grace they need. Since Paul appealed for some to come to Christ, it is impossible for him to have considered all of the Corinthians in his reading audience as Christians.

Again in 1 Corinthians we see Paul stating his assumption that his readers are saved, and in the same breath he qualifies the statement with the possibility that they are not.

1 Corinthians 15:1-2
Now I make known to you, brethren, the gospel which I preached to you, which also you received, in which also you stand, by which also you are saved, if you hold fast the word which I preached to you, unless you believed in vain.

It is valuable to examine other places where Paul and other writers change their focus from one sub-group within the addressed group to another. In Ephesians chapter 2 Paul makes it clear that he is addressing Christians (vs. 19-22), but notice the change to a different audience in the first two verses of chapter 3, "For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles- if indeed you have heard of the stewardship of God's grace which was given to me for you," and in verse 6, "to be specific, that the Gentiles are fellow-heirs and fellow-members of the body, and fellow-partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel." Paul is addressing Gentiles in general, some of whom may not have even heard of Paul's "stewardship" of grace or of the great news mentioned in verse 6. A quote from later in the chapter indicates that Paul did not assume that his audience in the passage was made up of believers but seemed to assume that they were not.

Ephesians 3:14-19
For this reason, I bow my knees before the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth derives its name, that He would grant you, according to the riches of His glory, to be strengthened with power through His Spirit in the inner man; so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith; and that you, being rooted and grounded in love, may be able to comprehend with all the saints what is the breadth and length and height and depth, and to know the love of Christ which surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled up to all the fulness of God.

Paul's prayer is that these people would be strengthened "so that Christ would dwell" in their hearts. Having Christ dwell in a person's heart is practically a definition of being a Christian, so if Paul's reason for praying for this spiritual strength was for the indwelling to come about, it would not make sense if they were already believers and already indwelt. Also notice the second purpose for the prayer, "so that you ... may be able to comprehend with all the saints ... " Paul assumes that his particular audience does not, at the time of the reading, comprehend the love of Christ. This is something that "all the saints" do know. If they were saints, then they would also know the love of Christ, and if they knew, there would be no second purpose for the prayer.

The writer of Hebrews uses the same method of addressing particular people among a larger group.

Hebrews 10:26-29, 39
For if we sin willfully after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, but a certain terrifying expectation of judgment, and the fury of a fire which will consume the adversaries. Anyone who has set aside the Law of Moses dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. How much severer punishment do you think he will deserve who has trampled under foot the Son of God, and has regarded as unclean the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and has insulted the Spirit of grace? ... But we are not of those who shrink back to destruction, but of those who have faith to the preserving of the soul.

The writer warns the group about falling away and then states that "we" are not in that group. How could the writer warn a reading audience about something of which they are not a part unless he is temporarily changing the focus of his address? The warning makes no sense unless this change of audience focus is understood.

The point is that Paul and other writers change their focus to a particular audience from a general audience in many places. In the case of 1 Corinthians chapter 3, this particular audience consists of unbelievers that are in the church, Paul's general audience.

Let us look more closely at the shift in Paul's particular audience in the 1 Corinthians 3 passage quoted at the beginning of this chapter. In verse 3 Paul wrote, "For since there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not fleshly, and are you not walking like mere men?" The use of "among" indicates again that there are some in the group who are guilty of the charge and probably some who are not, so when he says, "are you not fleshly," he must be referring to those who are guilty. It would not make sense to ask this question to those who are not guilty of his accusations. But does this mean that this specific, fleshly group in focus is not made up of Christians? It is not clear that they are unbelievers from a surface examination, but the fact that they are not true believers can be brought to the light as follows.

Notice the "could not" in verse 1. The past tense indicates that Paul is talking about a time in the past. To what time was he referring? It seems that the reference is to a previous event mentioned in chapter 2, verse 1, "And when I came to you, brethren, I did not come with superiority of speech or of wisdom, proclaiming to you the testimony of God." This first meeting with the Corinthians was probably the time when Paul first introduced the Gospel to them. Paul goes on to explain that the "natural man" cannot understand God's wisdom, and he sets this kind of man against one who has received the Spirit (2:11-14).

Therefore, in verse 1 of chapter 3 Paul refers to his first presentation of the gospel to them and says that he could not speak to them at that time as to "spiritual men," those who have received the Spirit (2:12, 15), but as to "men of flesh," the "natural man" of 2:14. They could not have been saved at that time, because they had not heard the gospel yet. As has been pointed out before, "men of flesh" is not descriptive of Christians, because the flesh is crucified in a believer (Galatians 5:24). Therefore, when Paul says, "you are still fleshly," he means that they are still not Christians, in the same state as when he first presented the gospel to them.

This does not mean that all of the addressed Corinthians are fleshly or unsaved, only those who are part of Paul's current focus in the verse. Since Paul said that "there is jealousy and strife among" them, he was indicating that this is not true of all of them. Only those who are guilty of the jealousy and strife would be considered fleshly by Paul, and only those are unsaved.
Babes in Christ

The use of the term, "babes in Christ," does not prove that the Corinthians were "baby Christians," but actually gives more proof that they were not believers at all at the time to which the verse refers. The word for babes here is not the word used in 1 Peter 2:2, where "babes" is used in a positive light. The word in 1 Peter is a form of brephos, the word commonly used for a small child or infant, a young person who would be expected to grow into an adult. The word for babes in 1 Corinthians is nepios, a simple-minded or immature person, definitely a negative word in most contexts.

It is interesting to note that Paul uses the same word to the Corinthians in 1 Corinthians 14:20, "Brethren, do not be children in your thinking; yet in evil be babes, but in your thinking be mature." Paul wants his hearers to be babes in the things of evil. Of course he does not mean that he wants them to be baby, evil people, or newborn in evil and growing in it. He is saying that he wants them to be removed from evil by being ignorant in the things of evil.

In the same way, Paul says that he had to speak to the Corinthians as those who knew nothing about the things of Christ, because this was probably their first hearing of the gospel. The term "in Christ" does not mean that the people were in Christ in the way that Christians are in Christ, just as someone who is a babe "in evil" would not actually be in evil in the way a truly evil person would be. Since Paul wants his readers to be babes in evil and since he really wants them to be totally separated from evil, to be a babe in evil must include separation from it, a separation that is due to ignorance or inexperience. In the same way, to be a babe in Christ is to be ignorant of Him and separated from Him because of ignorance. The same word for babe and the same kind of message is given in Hebrews chapter 5.

Hebrews 5:12-6:2
For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you have need again for some one to teach you the elementary principles of the oracles of God, and you have come to need milk and not solid food. For every one who partakes only of milk is not accustomed to the word of righteousness, for he is a babe. But solid food is for the mature, who because of practice have their senses trained to discern good and evil. Therefore leaving the elementary teaching about the Christ, let us press on to maturity, not laying again a foundation of repentance from dead works and of faith toward God, of instruction about washings, and laying on of hands, and the resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment.

Here the writer has turned his attention to a group within his audience that is having a problem with understanding the "elementary teaching about the Christ." If they do not understand these things, repentance from dead works, faith toward God, and the others listed, how can they possibly be Christians? The answer is, they cannot. Further study makes it clear that in nearly every place in Scripture, this word for babes is used to refer to one who is in ignorance, not to one newly born.

The word is also used in a passage which is familiar to many.

1 Corinthians 13:11
When I was a child, I used to speak as a child, think as a child, reason as a child; when I became a man, I did away with childish things.

The word for child, in each usage, is a form of nepios, and it is again used to describe someone who is ignorant. The following passage also promotes this idea.

Ephesians 4:14
As a result, we are no longer to be children, tossed here and there by waves, and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by craftiness in deceitful scheming;

The word for "children" is again a form of nepios and again it refers to someone who is ignorant or foolish. When the Scripture writers wanted to refer to someone as a baby Christian or a child in the faith they used other words such as brephos, which was mentioned before, or teknon as in the following verses.

1 Timothy 1:2
to Timothy, my true child in the faith: Grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.

Titus 1:4
to Titus, my true child in a common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.

Philippians 2:22
But you know of his [Timothy's] proven worth that he served with me in the furtherance of the gospel like a child serving his father.

In these verses, as in other passages, Paul uses teknon to describe a child in the faith, either someone who was newly reborn or someone that he feels that he bore himself as a spiritual offspring. When he uses nepios, however, he is describing people who are ignorant in whatever context the word is used. In 1 Corinthians 3, since he calls them "babes in Christ," they must have been ignorant concerning Christ, at least at the time to which he was referring.

Paul is using this "babe" title to give a warning to the group of unbelievers. They have adopted a position that the one who has taught them is the means by which they are measured. In the following passage, Paul reveals that this reliance on human teachers will not work.

1 Corinthians 3:10-15
10According to the grace of God which was given to me, as a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building upon it. But let each man be careful how he builds upon it. 11For no man can lay a foundation other than the one which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. 12Now if any man builds upon the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw, 13each man's work will become evident; for the day will show it, because it is to be revealed with fire; and the fire itself will test the quality of each man's work. 14If any man's work which he has built upon it remains, he shall receive a reward. 15If any man's work is burned up, he shall suffer loss; but he himself shall be saved, yet so as through fire.

Paul is teaching that certain structures that are built upon the foundation will be burned up. It is commonly held that these structures are works of men, but this interpretation does not fully fit the illustration given. In verse 9 Paul asserts that the people are God's building, the ones who sprouted from his and Apollos's care (verses 5-6), and in verse 10 the illustration is expanded. Paul laid the foundation ("I planted") and another is building upon it ("Apollos watered"). This indicates that the builders are "servants through whom you believed," "God's fellow workers" (verses 5 and 9). They are ministers of the gospel.

The warning in verse 10, "let each man be careful how he builds upon it," is addressed to these ministers. The one who preaches the gospel is the man whose "work will become evident." Since the foundation is Jesus Himself, a person, it is reasonable to assume that a building set upon this foundation is also people ("you are ... God's building"). The testing mentioned in verse 13 is the revealing of the true nature of the people who are resting on the foundation, a determination of who is and who is not a true believer.

This figurative method of discrimination is not unusual in the Scriptures. In Matthew 3:12 the chaff is burned while the wheat is saved. In Matthew 13:30, 42 the tares are gathered and burned. In Revelation 20:12-15 the unbelievers are thrown into the lake of fire. There are other references, but these passages clearly demonstrate that the Bible often uses the illustration of fire burning unbelievers in judgment and believers being saved from the fire.

A minister of the gospel will be saved even if some of his "converts" are not, and this is truly a great loss for him (verse 15). Once again in verse 16 Paul reiterates that the people are a building, a temple, and verse 17 gives more proof that the people are the object of the burning discussed in verse 15.

1 Corinthians 3:16-17
Do you not know that you are a temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwells in you? If any man destroys the temple of God, God will destroy him, for the temple of God is holy, and that is what you are.

The temple is the building erected on the foundation, which is Christ. The temple is cleansed of its false parts (verse 15), but if any man destroys the temple, destruction is in store for him. The "any man" may still refer to the teacher, the builder in verse 15. If this is the case, he would probably be a false teacher rather than a good teacher who merely has false converts. The good teacher is saved because his purpose was to build the temple in truth, but the false teacher destroys the temple and is destroyed as a result. It is also possible that "any man" now refers to a false convert among the true parts of the temple. Verse 18 demonstrates this possibility.

1 Corinthians 3:18
Let no man deceive himself. If any man among you thinks that he is wise in this age, let him become foolish that he may become wise.

Paul seems to have changed his focus from a teacher to individuals in his readership. In that case, the destruction of that man could be part of the cleansing of verse 15, the man's desire to destroy the temple being the "evidence" (verse 13) of a bad part of the building. In any case, it should be clear that Paul is not talking about the works of individuals in the passage; he is expounding on the quality of the lives of people in the church and on whether or not they are truly saved.

Describing a person as part of a building is not an unusual illustration in the Bible. In Ephesians 2:19-22 the people are called a building laid upon the foundation of Christ, and the building is called a temple, just as in 1 Corinthians 3.

Ephesians 2:19-22
So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow-citizens with the saints, and are of God's household, having been built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the corner stone, in whom the whole building, being fitted together is growing into a holy temple in the Lord; in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling of God in the Spirit.

Another example comes from 1 Peter.

1 Peter 2:4-6
And coming to Him as to a living stone, rejected by men, but choice and precious in the sight of God, you also, as living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house for a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. For this is contained in Scripture: Behold I lay in Zion a choice stone, a precious corner stone, and he who believes in Him shall not be disappointed."

Once again the people are the elements that make up a building, a spiritual house of worship, and Jesus is the foundation of the house, the corner stone.

It might be simpler to see that this interpretation is true by looking at verse 12 of 1 Corinthians 3 and working backwards to discover the meaning. Verses 12 and 13 contain, "Now if any man builds upon the foundation with gold ... each man's work will become evident." In order to find out what is being built upon the foundation and what a man's work is, it must be determined what that foundation is. Verse 11 states clearly that the foundation is Jesus Christ.

Next, the identity of the people who build upon the foundation and what is normally built upon it must be ascertained. Verse 10 states directly that Paul laid the foundation and another is building upon it and that others also can build upon it (let each man...), but it does not identify who the other person (people) is or what is being built. Verse 9 says, "For we are God's fellow workers; you are God's field, God's building."

Now we can see that the building is made up of people, the Corinthian church in this case. Who are the builders? They are the fellow workers of verse 9. A specific fellow worker is named earlier in verse 6, "I planted, Apollos watered, but God was causing the growth." The full context of the illustration points out that people are being built upon the foundation, Jesus Christ, and that the people who build are fellow workers with Paul, such as Apollos. It is also clear that the "work" of verse 13 is the labor for the gospel. "Now he who plants and he who waters are one; but each will receive his own reward according to his own labor."

The "labor" in this verse is the work of the gospel and corresponds to the work that each man does in verse 13. Comparing the rewards for labor in verse 8 with the rewards for "any man's work" in verse 14 gives further evidence that the working man in verses 12 and 13 corresponds to the laborer for the gospel in verses 5-9. It follows that the section concerning the works of a man from verse 10 of chapter 3 through verse 15 is a general statement regarding the outcome of the work of the gospel and corresponds to the specific example of the work of Paul and Apollos for the sake of the gospel among the Corinthians.

Verses 21-23 sum up Paul's purpose for the warnings in the chapter.

So then let no one boast in men. For all things belong to you, whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas or the world or life or death or things present or things to come; all things belong to you, and you belong to Christ; and Christ belongs to God.

This demonstrates that the previous warning to the Corinthians was meant to teach them that their salvation condition is not dependent on their teacher, "whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas," but on their relationship with Christ, the quality of which should leave some of them in doubt.

All of this explanation of chapter 3 is put forth to show that Paul was giving a warning to those in the church at Corinth who were not true believers; they will be tested to determine if they have true faith, and they cannot rely on the status of their "builder." Such a warning was necessary because of the problem that the Corinthians had with wanting to maintain their status symbols (1:12). Therefore, Paul was not speaking to Christians in this passage, but warning the non-Christians in the church that their true nature would be revealed by fire.

We see this pattern repeated throughout the epistles, so the common notion that references to “saints” in epistle greetings mean that all the readers are Christians is not supported by the text.

Thursday, May 21, 2009

Shame on Notre Dame

Notre Dame University has committed an indefensible crime against the unborn by inviting Obama to speak at their commencement this year and by giving him an honorary degree. Obama is the most ardently pro-abortion politician I have ever seen. He is an accomplice to pre-meditated murder, and this supposedly pro-life university is bestowing honors upon him.

The university tried to defend its actions in a number of nonsensical ways. They said they don't want to ban dialogue and want to encourage discourse. First, there should be no discourse on abortion. It is murder. Would they encourage discourse on exterminating Jews, on enslaving black people, or on slitting the throats of children? Hardly. Yet, they want to encourage discourse on the slaughter of the innocent unborn. Such hypocrisy is damnable.

And having Obama come to speak is not discourse. He lectured the students. He did not debate with them. And when some people tried to offer their opinions outside the commencement, they were arrested and put in jail. So much for discourse.

Notre Dame, you're not fooling anyone. You invited this evil usurper for fame and publicity, and you have sold your collective souls to the devil. May God help you to repent of this wickedness.



Click here for the website mentioned in the video.

Saturday, May 9, 2009

The Accusers

Based on my observations, many people in the church of today have a habit of accusing people of sin in a strangely all-inclusive manner. Whatever their sin du jour is, they often sweep across everyone with a pointing finger. Apparently they think it’s somehow humble or “theologically correct” to assume that everyone is doing what they’re doing.

The photo illustrates my point. The sign says, “We commit the golden rule to memory and forget to commit it to life.”

First of all, who are “we”? The people in this church? If so, that’s not a church I want to attend. If they don’t obey the golden rule, they are being disobedient to God and are likely not people with whom I would want to fellowship. It seems odd to me that they would advertise their church that way. Might next week’s sign say, “We know all about ‘Thou shalt not kill,’ but we ignore it”? How about, “Adultery is wrong, but we do it anyway”? That a church would advertise their sin this way is truly troubling and certainly not biblical.

If they mean all people are like this, that’s quite an amazing claim to universal knowledge, and, of course, a faulty one. The Bible says that Christians are saints, and they are obedient in all things (1 John 5:18), so this sign really stands as Satan’s pointing finger, for Satan is the false accuser of the brethren (Revelation 12:10).

Yes, this sign is faulty and troubling, but it is, in many ways, a sign of the times. I have seen this kind of language used in many Christian circles. “We’re all sinners,” and “All young men lust,” and “We all fall into this trap,” and “We all wear masks to hide our true selves.”

The accusations, when considered with their inclusive language, are false. True Christians are not sinners, many Christian young men are chaste in body and mind, and some of us have shed all pretentious masks.

Why do many in our culture turn to this kind of negative, accusatory language? Are they hoping to feel better about their particular sins by assuming everyone else must be wallowing in sin with them? Is the false doctrine of the sinning Christian so deeply ingrained that their tongues follow the course set by Satan and his accusing minions? Can’t they see that such statements are not only false, they don’t even make sense?

If all people everywhere are caught in sin and are not obedient, the only practical conclusion is that it is impossible to obey. If that’s true, it doesn’t make sense even to provide the command, and it is certainly unjust to punish sinners eternally for committing sins they can’t help but commit.

Yet, the Bible says that it is not only possible to obey God in all things; it is the only true Christian life. No one who is born of God sins (1 John 3:9 and 5:18), and anyone who claims to be a Christian while still sinning is not telling the truth.

By this we know that we have come to know Him, if we keep His commandments. The one who says, "I have come to know Him," and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him. (1 John 2:3-4)

It’s crucial that we tell the truth about sin, obedience, and the gospel of Jesus Christ. We can be obedient in all things, and to make universal claims that we are not obedient is an insult to Jesus Christ, who has provided us with the power to obey, as well as the cleansed heart, brimming with love for God, that causes us to want to obey.

As always, I welcome civil comments. It won't be helpful to say that this post makes me the same kind of accuser that I am complaining about. I am pointing out a specific error that is displayed in public, a similar reproof to the ones Jesus made in Matthew 23. I am not making a false, general accusation.